ETHPrague 2024

Block Packing: Reducing L1 Costs
05-31, 12:30–12:55 (Europe/Prague), Root Stage

Applicative Recursion, an upcoming Starknet feature, will deliver three big benefits. It will increase block frequency, slash L1 costs, and advance decentralization. In this talk, you will get an engineer’s insight.


Today, each Starknet block is associated with a fixed Layer 1 (L1) costs, meaning these costs increase linearly with the number of blocks. Applicative Recursion decouples blocks from L1 costs by spreading the cost over a batch of multiple blocks. This allows us to increase block frequency and also reduce operating costs. In this talk, you’ll learn about the necessary updates to Starknet and its proof system, SHARP, to make this possible, and how it moves us closer to decentralization

Proving Group Manager, Starkware